2.1. Parameters for germination
Optimizing the germination conditions for BR is important
for the industrial production of GBR with consistent physical
properties and quality. Factors influencing the germination include
intrinsic parameters, such as cultivar or variety of BR, rice milling
and storage conditions, as well as external factors, such as temperature,
humidity, presence of oxygen or air, light exposure and pH
for germination.
Presence of moisture is essential for the germination of BR, and
moisture may be provided by two procedures: simple soaking
of the seeds in water, and temporary immersion followed by
atmospheric germination. The atmospheric germination process
resulted in a higher degree of germination than the simple water
soaking, consequently resulting in the GBR having longer root
and sprout (Lu et al., 2010). By measuring malting level, protein
content, thiamin content, amylase activity, and other factors under
various soaking and germination conditions (time and temperature),
Capanzana and Buckle (1997) concluded that the optimum
germination conditions for BR include soaking at 25 C for 24 h,
followed by atmospheric germination at 30 C for 3 days. By
contrast, Miyoshi, Sato, and Takahashi (1996) and Palmiano and