Data analysis
Analysis in most CIT studies takes the form of inductive
classification and construction of a hierarchy of categories.
This process involves sorting incidents into clusters that seem
to ‘fit’ together and is necessarily a subjective one (Flanagan
1954). It involves a degree of trial and error (Norman et al.
1992) and requires patience and flexibility on the part of
the researcher until an intuitive sense of ‘rightness’ is
reached (Woolsey 1986). To achieve this, we used the inductive
classification devised by Cormack (1983, 2000)
who advocates use of a two- or three-tier classification
system. Two levels gave a balance between gaining sufficient
specificity and avoiding over-reduction of the data. The three
categories of learning in practice, teamwork and power and
their respective subcategories are presented in Table 1.