Case 3
A 50-year-old man had a history of post-traumatic secondarily
generalized tonic–clonic seizures since the
age of six years. He had a long standing history of
auditory hallucinations and mild depression that had
never been treated. His last seizure was 2.5 months
prior to topiramate therapy. Topiramate was added to
phenytoin at a dose of 50 mg q.d. In the fourth week of
therapy, clinically overt hallucinations developed and
his depression worsened. He heard voices that spoke
against him and told him to hurt his wife, that had never
happened before. He also had worsening of symptoms
of depression including suicidal thoughts. He remained
seizure-free during topiramate therapy. A marked improvement
in these symptoms of psychosis was noted
within 24 hours after discontinuation of topiramate and
treatment with haloperidol.
Case 4
A 46-year-old man had a 12-year history of posttraumatic
complex partial seizures. He had no history
of psychiatric illness. His seizure frequency was one
per month on no antiepileptic medication. Topiramate
was begun at a dose of 50 mg q.d. with a titration
rate of 50 mg increase each week. Symptoms of psychosis
developed at a topiramate dose of 75 mg b.i.d.
(150 mg/day). He had recurrent thoughts and voices
urging him to yell at people and slap his wife. Other
symptoms consisted of sudden onset of severe, violent
and hostile moods, agitation and feeling that he was
another person. He also experienced excessive sedation,
restlessness, confusion and fear. These symptoms
resolved completely within 48 hours after discontinuation
of topiramate.
Case 5
A 30-year-old man had a 15-year history of posttraumatic
complex partial seizures. He had a history of
aggressive and agitated behavior with suicidal thoughts
over the past few years, but had repeatedly refused
treatment for these symptoms. He was averaging 2–
3 CPS/day. Topiramate was added at an initial dose
of 50 mg q.d. to a treatment regimen of vigabatrin,
phenobarbital, and phenytoin. Topiramate side-effects
developed at a dose of 200 mg b.i.d. (400 mg/day) at a
time when his seizures had been totally controlled for
over three weeks. These consisted of confusion, agitation,
bizarre thinking, obsession, hearing voices, suicidal
ideation, thinking Jesus was behind the mass suicide
which had just occurred in California and that he
came to pick up all dead Catholics. He secretly started
carrying a gun. He was admitted to a psychiatric hospital
involuntarily. A partial resolution of the symptoms
occurred with neuroleptic medication. Treatment with
topiramate was continued since he was seizure-free on
topiramate.
Hewas discharged from the psychiatric hospital after
one month and when seen in the Epilepsy Clinic one
month laterwas calm, pleasant, and free of all psychotic
symptoms. At that time he was receiving antipsychotic
medications as well as topiramate 200 mg b.i.d. and
phenytoin. He has remained seizure-free and stable for
the next six months. An increase of dose of topiramate
from 400 mg/day to 600 mg/day later resulted in the
recurrence of above symptoms.
Discussion
An association between psychosis and epilepsy has
been recognized for a long time. Some of the antiepilep
Case 3A 50-year-old man had a history of post-traumatic secondarilygeneralized tonic–clonic seizures since theage of six years. He had a long standing history ofauditory hallucinations and mild depression that hadnever been treated. His last seizure was 2.5 monthsprior to topiramate therapy. Topiramate was added tophenytoin at a dose of 50 mg q.d. In the fourth week oftherapy, clinically overt hallucinations developed andhis depression worsened. He heard voices that spokeagainst him and told him to hurt his wife, that had neverhappened before. He also had worsening of symptomsof depression including suicidal thoughts. He remainedseizure-free during topiramate therapy. A marked improvementin these symptoms of psychosis was notedwithin 24 hours after discontinuation of topiramate andtreatment with haloperidol.Case 4A 46-year-old man had a 12-year history of posttraumaticcomplex partial seizures. He had no historyof psychiatric illness. His seizure frequency was oneper month on no antiepileptic medication. Topiramatewas begun at a dose of 50 mg q.d. with a titrationrate of 50 mg increase each week. Symptoms of psychosisdeveloped at a topiramate dose of 75 mg b.i.d.(150 mg/day). He had recurrent thoughts and voicesurging him to yell at people and slap his wife. Othersymptoms consisted of sudden onset of severe, violentand hostile moods, agitation and feeling that he wasanother person. He also experienced excessive sedation,restlessness, confusion and fear. These symptomsresolved completely within 48 hours after discontinuationof topiramate.Case 5A 30-year-old man had a 15-year history of posttraumaticcomplex partial seizures. He had a history ofaggressive and agitated behavior with suicidal thoughtsover the past few years, but had repeatedly refusedtreatment for these symptoms. He was averaging 2–3 CPS/day. Topiramate was added at an initial doseof 50 mg q.d. to a treatment regimen of vigabatrin,phenobarbital, and phenytoin. Topiramate side-effectsdeveloped at a dose of 200 mg b.i.d. (400 mg/day) at atime when his seizures had been totally controlled forover three weeks. These consisted of confusion, agitation,bizarre thinking, obsession, hearing voices, suicidalideation, thinking Jesus was behind the mass suicidewhich had just occurred in California and that hecame to pick up all dead Catholics. He secretly startedcarrying a gun. He was admitted to a psychiatric hospitalinvoluntarily. A partial resolution of the symptomsoccurred with neuroleptic medication. Treatment withtopiramate was continued since he was seizure-free ontopiramate.Hewas discharged from the psychiatric hospital afterone month and when seen in the Epilepsy Clinic onemonth laterwas calm, pleasant, and free of all psychoticsymptoms. At that time he was receiving antipsychoticmedications as well as topiramate 200 mg b.i.d. andphenytoin. He has remained seizure-free and stable forthe next six months. An increase of dose of topiramate
from 400 mg/day to 600 mg/day later resulted in the
recurrence of above symptoms.
Discussion
An association between psychosis and epilepsy has
been recognized for a long time. Some of the antiepilep
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