Conclusion
If recognised risks for CVD such as smoking and obesity are not present, then GDM is a potentially useful marker of future cardiovascular disease risk among women with a BMI between 25 and 29 kg/m2. The risk increase in this group is comparable in magnitude to the effects of smoking and obesity but lower than for chronic hypertension. Further studies are needed regarding the association of later CVD and degree of hyperglycaemia during pregnancy.