3. Results
3.1. Environmental features and mangrove classification in the Gulf of Urabá
We classified forests along the Gulf coasts as fringe, riverine, and basin mangroves to confirm if the mangrove forest types matched our preliminary physiographic classification based on location (aee Appendices Figs. A1–A4) (sensu Lugo and Snedaker, 1974). A fourth mangrove type, highly disturbed, and/or in an early successional stage, was also identified. This forest was characterised by high Rhizophora mangle seedling abundance, the presence of a few adult trees of this taxon, and the absence of other species. Significant differences were detected among environmental features ( Table 1 and Table 2) for these mangrove types. Fringe mangroves were the most widely distributed (4500 ha) along the Gulf coasts, although the largest extensions were found at the mouths and deltas of the Atrato (Appendices Fig. A1), Currulao (Appendices Fig. A3), and Turbo (Appendices Fig. A4) rivers. The soil chemical and granulometric characteristics were intermediate between riverine and basin mangroves. Riverine mangroves (241 ha) were found only in the northern Gulf, at the Rio Negro embayment (Appendices Fig. A2), and the composition was highly affected by fresh water currents. In these forests, the highest organic matter percentages and Mg content, but the lowest soil silt and clay percentages were recorded. Basin mangroves (97 ha) were only found in the Turbo river basin (Appendices Fig. A4), and were characterised by the highest pH values, sand and silt percentages, lowest soil organic matter and cation contents, particularly Ca and Mg. Physical soil features of disturbed mangroves were similar to riverine, as no significant differences were detected between the two types.
3. ผลลัพธ์3.1. สิ่งแวดล้อมคุณลักษณะและการจำแนกประเภทป่าชายเลนในอ่าว UrabáWe classified forests along the Gulf coasts as fringe, riverine, and basin mangroves to confirm if the mangrove forest types matched our preliminary physiographic classification based on location (aee Appendices Figs. A1–A4) (sensu Lugo and Snedaker, 1974). A fourth mangrove type, highly disturbed, and/or in an early successional stage, was also identified. This forest was characterised by high Rhizophora mangle seedling abundance, the presence of a few adult trees of this taxon, and the absence of other species. Significant differences were detected among environmental features ( Table 1 and Table 2) for these mangrove types. Fringe mangroves were the most widely distributed (4500 ha) along the Gulf coasts, although the largest extensions were found at the mouths and deltas of the Atrato (Appendices Fig. A1), Currulao (Appendices Fig. A3), and Turbo (Appendices Fig. A4) rivers. The soil chemical and granulometric characteristics were intermediate between riverine and basin mangroves. Riverine mangroves (241 ha) were found only in the northern Gulf, at the Rio Negro embayment (Appendices Fig. A2), and the composition was highly affected by fresh water currents. In these forests, the highest organic matter percentages and Mg content, but the lowest soil silt and clay percentages were recorded. Basin mangroves (97 ha) were only found in the Turbo river basin (Appendices Fig. A4), and were characterised by the highest pH values, sand and silt percentages, lowest soil organic matter and cation contents, particularly Ca and Mg. Physical soil features of disturbed mangroves were similar to riverine, as no significant differences were detected between the two types.
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