Political philosophy provides the framework to dissect the different views regarding the events surrounding the Charlie Hebdo massacre. Xenophobes, multiculturalists, laïques (or secularists), atheists, Voltaire, and Rousseau have different responses to the Charlie Hebdo attack.
Xenophobia
The ultra-right Europeans not only waged their xenophobic Islamophobic verbal attacks but some also perpetrated physical attacks on Muslim communities and mosques. The ultra-right wing wants to keep France French and Europe European, whatever that means, including keeping Europe Christian, among other things. Some even want to call for a war on Islam. Racism and bigotry against Muslims and Islam is real and growing.