The Moors (Moslems From North Africa) entered Spain in A.D. 711 and bu built universities in Toledo, Cordobe, and Seville. This culture was the only major exception to the mathematical and scientific stagnation in Europe that started with the end of the Roman Empire and continued through the Middle Ages.By the twelfth century,many Arabic mathematical and scientific works (including al-Khowarizmi's two books), as well as Greek and Hindu works, were translated into Latin, often by Jewish scholars in Spain. Greek works of literature and philosophy were also translated.