Teitel et aP classified the laryngeal involvement in SLE into nine categories: mucosal inflammation, infection, vasculitis, paralysis of the vocal fold, cricoarytenoid arthritis, subglottic stenosis, inflammatory tumor, acute epiglottitis, and nodules (rheumatoid or bamboo). The mucosal inflammation may lead to mucosal thickening, laryngeal scarring, and vocal fold thickening.