Our survey identified 26 Anopheles species from a collection of ~3000 adult Anopheles mosquitoes. An. minimus s.l., An. maculatus s.l. and An. annularis s.l. are the top three most abundant species, making up more than 75 % of all Anopheles species. This finding further supports An. minimus s.l. and An. maculatus s.l. as the most important malaria vectors in this area [3, 7, 8, 12]. The predominant status of An. minimus s.l. as the principal vector in Tak Province is reflected in its absolute abundance (>40 %), which is consistent with observations made 10 years ago [8]. The detection of P. vivax CS proteins in both species further demonstrated their competence in transmitting P. vivax malaria. In contrast, another important vector An. dirus s.l., a forest fringe mosquito, was relatively rare, which is likely due to deforestation