Similar interventions may be grouped, and worst-case conditions must be selected/justified in the APS protocol.The new Annex 1 also mentions frequency, which means if an intervention occurs frequently such as topping up a stopper bowl, then it should be performed at a similar frequency during APS;changing filling needles is not performed regularly, so its frequency in APS should be less than topping up the stopper bowl.The inclusion and frequency of interventions should also be based on risk assessment - higher-risk interventions that pose risks to the sterility of products must be included and performed.