3. Dual Code and Multimedia Effects.
Information is encoded and remembered better when it is delivered in multiple modes
(verbal and pictorial), sensory modalities (auditory and visual), or media (computers and
lectures) than when delivered in only a singe mode, modality, or medium. Dual codes provide
richer and more varied representations that allow more memory retrieval routes. However, the
amount of information should not overwhelm the learner because attention is split or cognitive
capacities are overloaded.
• Implications
Design the learning materials so that information gets delivered in multiple modes,
modalities, and media, but do not overwhelm the learner with too much to learn or too much to
attend to, two primary causes of cognitive overload.
3. Dual Code and Multimedia Effects.
Information is encoded and remembered better when it is delivered in multiple modes
(verbal and pictorial), sensory modalities (auditory and visual), or media (computers and
lectures) than when delivered in only a singe mode, modality, or medium. Dual codes provide
richer and more varied representations that allow more memory retrieval routes. However, the
amount of information should not overwhelm the learner because attention is split or cognitive
capacities are overloaded.
• Implications
Design the learning materials so that information gets delivered in multiple modes,
modalities, and media, but do not overwhelm the learner with too much to learn or too much to
attend to, two primary causes of cognitive overload.
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