Uncertainty enters decision-making both
before the fact and after the fact Ex ante decisions regarding deforestation
are clearly faced with substantially higher levels
of uncertainty than are ex post ones, as ex ante
decisions involve great doubt as to how defores-
tation will proceed in addition to doubt concern-
ing how any changes might be attributed to
dierent causes. While decisions on which forms
of mitigation to ®nance will undoubtedly be
made ex ante, it is likely that any granting of
credits will be done ex post.