The essential mission of the STEM: Country Comparisons project is to discover what other countries are doing to develop participation and performance in the disciplines of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), and the take-up of STEM in the labour market and research system, and to draw out possible lessons and ideas for STEM policy and strategy in Australia. To this end, 23 specific reports were commissioned and completed by consultants from around the world. This has produced a body of current data of outstanding value. Most nations are closely focused on advancing STEM and some have evolved dynamic, potent and productive strategies. In world terms Australia is positioned not far below the top group but lacks the national urgency found in the United States, East Asia and much of Western Europe, and runs the risk of being left behind.