Mostly, studies on impacts of the global climate policy examine the consequences of carbon constraints against the no policy benchmark. However, this study is designed to answer the question that what will happen to individual Southeast Asian countries when all non-Annex I nations participate in the global climate change agreement after 2020. In other words, from a Southeast Asian nation's perspective, the benchmark means we need to distinguish between the effects on Southeast Asian countries with only Annex I acts to meet their carbon pledges versus the collaboration of all nations for global attainment of carbon mitigation goals. Therefore, in our baseline or reference scenarios, only Annex I countries as a group reduces its emissions, starting in the model base year, 2007. The model simulations are basically grouped into three reference scenarios (Table 3) based on how much Annex I countries reduce emissions: 75%, 80% and 85% below their 1990 levels.