The Ninth Plan (2002-2006) was formulated based somewhat on the nightmare of the 1997 crisis. The Plan has adopted the philosophy of a sufficiency economy, a remarkable teaching of the King, which stresses the middle path, moderation, and due consideration, in all manner of conduct, as the guiding framework for national development. The Plan has also been built on the Eighth Plan’s advocacy of holistic people-centered development (NESDB 2003, 51).