Physical activity measures
The Active Australia (AA) questionnaire, which has good criterion validity, was used to assess physical activity behaviours.21 The main outcome measures included past week minutes walking plus the number of times during the past week the participant walked continuously, for at least 10 minutes for exercise, recreation or to get to/from places, and the total minutes spent participating in such walking. Additional AA questions measured the frequency and duration of moderate and vigorous physical activities (MVPA) and assessed the total minutes and sessions accrued in the past week through regular walking and MVPA. The total minutes of physical activity per week were calculated by adding minutes in the last week
spent walking (continuously for at least 10 minutes), plus minutes doing moderate physical activity, plus two times the minutes doing vigorous physical activity. Participants were classified as‘active’ when reaching the physical activity goal of ≥150 min per week