Chapter II presents information on the theories and research on which the
methodology and hypotheses of this study are based. This chapter is divided into seven
interrelated sections. Section I discusses the role that Listening plays in the acquisition of
a second or foreign language. Section II presents the potential problems in learning to
listen to English and how learners can overcome these problems. Section III provides
definitions and descriptions of the listening comprehension strategies. Section IV
presents the contributions by Oxford to the classification of listening comprehension
strategies. Section V presents histories of research conducted within the paradigm of
language learning strategies. This section also discusses the specific aspects of those
research studies that have led to the operationalization of these variables and to the
development of the protocols employed in this study. Then, Section VI discusses the
relationship between overall language proficiency and listening proficiency, and it also
introduces the studies that had explored the relationship between language proficiency
and listening comprehension strategies. The final section discusses the effects of
metacognition on learning.