In vitro studies have demonstrated that phytochemicals in pigmented
rice seed and bran are able to suppress tumour progression
or carcinogenesis in several human cancer models (Leardkamolkarn
et al., 2011; Nam et al., 2005) and to reduce oxidative stress
by enhancing superoxide dismutase and catalase antioxidant enzyme
activity both in vitro and in animal models (Chiang et al.,
2006).