Lymphocytes initially make IgM immunoglobulin with a short lag phase before other immunoglobulin (e.g. IgA) is produced. IgA released from the mucosal surface of gastrointestinal tract plays a major role in the mucosal
immune system in inhibition of pathogenic bacteria and neutralizing biologically active antigens (Ohashi
et al., 2014). Agunos et al. (2007) demonstrated that β-1–4-mannobiose extracted from coconut flour could
act as an immune-modulating agent in vivo, preventing Salmonella infection in broilers by increasing IgA
production.