Advances in DC–AC Converters for PV Systems
As shown in Figure 1, in a typical PV inverter, the two-stage power conversion is currently the most common approach to cope with a wide input dc voltage range produced by the PV panel. In that case, the PV power conditioning system consists of the front-end dc–dc converter for the MPPT and the inverter to feed the power to the ac load or grid. However, this multiple-stage power conversion system could lower the energy efficiency and reliability of the PV installation. To overcome these problems, in 2003, the novel family of single-stage buck–boost inverters was introduced by Prof. Peng, with the most promising topology being the quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI) [31]. This buck–boost inverter is a combination of the two-port passive quasi-impedance network with a 2L-VSI [Figure 4(a)]. The distinctive feature of the qZSI is that it can boost the input voltage by using an extra switching state the shoot-through state. The shoot-through state is the simultaneous conduction of both switches of the same phase leg of the inverter. This operation state is forbidden for the traditional VSI because it causes the short circuit of the dc-link capacitors. In the qZSI, the shoot-through state is used to boost the magnetic energy stored in the inductors of the quasi-Z-source network without short-circuiting the dc capacitors. This increase in inductive energy, in turn, pro- vides the boost of the voltage across the inverter during the traditional operating states (active states). The qZSI has the input inductor that buffers the source current, which means that during the continuous conduction mode, the input current never drops to zero, thus featuring the reduced stress of the input voltage source. Moreover, the properties of the qZSI allow the energy storage (typically the battery) to be connected in parallel with one of the capacitors of the quasi-Z-source network [32]. The state of charge of the battery is then controlled by varying the shoot-through duty cycle of the inverter switches. Therefore, the simple energy storage system for covering the peak power demands could be used in the qZSI without any additional circuits. The two-level qZSI could be easily extended to the multilevel topology, as presented in Figure 4(b). The three- level NPC qZSI has similar advantages as the two-level topology; moreover, it could be used with single or multiple PV sources [33]. As in the case of two-level qZSI, the short-term energy storage (battery) can be connected in parallel either with the external or internal capacitors of the quasi-Z-source-network. Thanks to all of these advantages, the qZSI is referred to as one of the most promising power conversion approaches for future PV power conditioners.
ความก้าวหน้าในแปลง DC-AC สำหรับระบบ PV As shown in Figure 1, in a typical PV inverter, the two-stage power conversion is currently the most common approach to cope with a wide input dc voltage range produced by the PV panel. In that case, the PV power conditioning system consists of the front-end dc–dc converter for the MPPT and the inverter to feed the power to the ac load or grid. However, this multiple-stage power conversion system could lower the energy efficiency and reliability of the PV installation. To overcome these problems, in 2003, the novel family of single-stage buck–boost inverters was introduced by Prof. Peng, with the most promising topology being the quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI) [31]. This buck–boost inverter is a combination of the two-port passive quasi-impedance network with a 2L-VSI [Figure 4(a)]. The distinctive feature of the qZSI is that it can boost the input voltage by using an extra switching state the shoot-through state. The shoot-through state is the simultaneous conduction of both switches of the same phase leg of the inverter. This operation state is forbidden for the traditional VSI because it causes the short circuit of the dc-link capacitors. In the qZSI, the shoot-through state is used to boost the magnetic energy stored in the inductors of the quasi-Z-source network without short-circuiting the dc capacitors. This increase in inductive energy, in turn, pro- vides the boost of the voltage across the inverter during the traditional operating states (active states). The qZSI has the input inductor that buffers the source current, which means that during the continuous conduction mode, the input current never drops to zero, thus featuring the reduced stress of the input voltage source. Moreover, the properties of the qZSI allow the energy storage (typically the battery) to be connected in parallel with one of the capacitors of the quasi-Z-source network [32]. The state of charge of the battery is then controlled by varying the shoot-through duty cycle of the inverter switches. Therefore, the simple energy storage system for covering the peak power demands could be used in the qZSI without any additional circuits. The two-level qZSI could be easily extended to the multilevel topology, as presented in Figure 4(b). The three- level NPC qZSI has similar advantages as the two-level topology; moreover, it could be used with single or multiple PV sources [33]. As in the case of two-level qZSI, the short-term energy storage (battery) can be connected in parallel either with the external or internal capacitors of the quasi-Z-source-network. Thanks to all of these advantages, the qZSI is referred to as one of the most promising power conversion approaches for future PV power conditioners.
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