The hardness of Kougelhopf (SY frozen sweet dough) increased significantly (P < 0.05) by 37%, 53% and 67% for 20, 30, 40 C and liquid nitrogen, respectively compared to fresh Kougelhopf (SY fresh sweet dough) but no significant
difference (P > 0.05) was found for Kougelhopf hardness obtained by DY sweet dough frozen at slow freezing rate only liquid nitrogen led to hardness increase compared to air blast freezing.