PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe the role of the oncology nurse practitioner in the performance of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy and discuss the indications and diagnostic value of bone marrow examination. DATA SOURCES: Published articles, textbooks, personal experience. DATA SYNTHESIS: Bone marrow examination is useful in the diagnosis of many nonhematologic and hematologic conditions. Having a nurse practitioner perform bone marrow aspiration can improve patient care and comfort. CONCLUSIONS: Greater understanding of bone marrow aspiration procedure and diagnostic tests helps nurse practitioners and oncology nurses to provide better patient care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Advanced practice nurses in the oncology setting must take an active role in the development and implementation of clinical practice protocols for bone marrow collection.