Merz and Groebner (1981) survey management accountants to determine the ethical dilemmas they faced. Sheldahl (1980) also surveys management accountants compiling a set of 20 ethical situations and a theoretical basis for a code of ethics for management accountants. Coppage (1988) questions 1,200 CMAs and identifies 55 ethical situations. Coppage and Sriram (1992) compare this list of ethical situations to the IMA Code of Ethics and found some areas requiring additional guidance.