In a traditional science classroom, the teacher uses a textbook to transmit knowledge and
explain conceptual relationships to students. Students listen to their teachers and are later
responsible for memorizing the information to restate on a test. In this type of classroom, the
teacher and the textbook are the source of authority and students are passive receivers of
2 The Campbell Collaboration | www.campbellcollaboration.org
information. Students in these classes all complete the same teacher prescribed activities