5. Students became more engaged and self-directed learners
The change of students’ learning attitude also came from engaging students in the learning process and being
able to interact with the ILM. As more retention can be reinforced, the students become more engaged to the
learning environment. Hence, students are transformed into a self-directed learner and become pro-active
towards his or her entire learning process.
6. A framework for interactive multimedia learning was developed to effectively enhance student
learning in a Malaysian university classroom
Based on the results in this study, a framework for effective interactive learning with multimedia was
successfully developed to address and respond to the limitations of the teacher-led learning environment where
the students were restricted from having a flexible learning process (see Figure 4). In this multimedia-mediated
student-centred learning environment (MMSLE) framework, a sound pedagogy such as Gagne’s 9 Events were
effectively incorporated to provide students with interactive learning materials that engaged them and enhanced
their learning process. This framework presents the combination of various components, with the ILM at the
core of the learning environment and can serve as a guide to provide Malaysian academicians in higher
education with a more practical alternative to move from the conventional approach of classroom teaching and
learning in Malaysian classrooms.