In my experience, as both a student and a teacher in the Saudi education system, critical thinking is not emphasized. By critical thinking, I refer to two elements. The first element is gaining a deeper understanding of issues and problems and the second element is examining and evaluating arguments from multiple points of view (McPeck, 1981). My perspective is that students continue to learn from a very young age that knowledge and “truth” are fixed, that all claims to truth are either black or white, and that what is taught in school or university is therefore unquestionable. While the roots of this phenomenon fall outside the scope of this paper, it should be acknowledged that the Saudi approach of focusing Islamic school curricula on only one school of Islamic thought may train students to think rigidly and to exclude diversity. If on the other hand students were exposed to a range of Islamic perspectives, they would have an early opportunity to expand their critical-thinking skills. The school of Islamic thought that is predominant in Saudi Arabia is based on Hanbali, which is named after Ahmed bin Hanbal who was a Muslim scholar and a great Imam of Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). Hanbal helped to provide one of the main interpretations of the main texts, the Holy Quran and Sunna. Quite apart from the authority of Hanbal’s scholarship, the salient issue is the gap between theory and practice. The general books, media, and focus of society from the early 1980s to less than a decade ago promoted only the Hanbali interpretation of Islam and this contributed to the exclusion of a diversity of perspectives. This narrow approach does not represent the essence of the Islamic faith, especially given the extensive evidence of diversity in the Quranic texts and in the Prophet’s (Peace Be Upon Him) narrations. This narrowness is not only true in Islamic societies but also in the West when on the one hand the law supports multiculturalism while on the other hand many right-wing voices call for exclusion of diversity.
Despite the continuing dominance of rote memorization and passive learning in the Saudi education system, there are also many reasons for optimism. There is great enthusiasm surrounding the emphasis of King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz on education as a tool of empowerment. This emphasis is exemplified by a drive to achieve a position of scientific leadership in the Arab world, by participation in international scientific competitions, and by the establishment of the King Abdulaziz and His Companions Foundation for the Gifted (Mawhiba), which is a new centre to promote talent and innovation. A reformed curriculum is in the process of being implemented in schools and many innovative measures are being considered and implemented both by the Ministry of Education (which oversees K-12) and by the Ministry of Higher Education or MoHE (which oversees all colleges, universities, and other post-secondary institutions). One of these innovative measures is the promotion of online learning, which is opening up teachers and students to look beyond the strictures of the banking system of education.
In my experience, as both a student and a teacher in the Saudi education system, critical thinking is not emphasized. By critical thinking, I refer to two elements. The first element is gaining a deeper understanding of issues and problems and the second element is examining and evaluating arguments from multiple points of view (McPeck, 1981). My perspective is that students continue to learn from a very young age that knowledge and “truth” are fixed, that all claims to truth are either black or white, and that what is taught in school or university is therefore unquestionable. While the roots of this phenomenon fall outside the scope of this paper, it should be acknowledged that the Saudi approach of focusing Islamic school curricula on only one school of Islamic thought may train students to think rigidly and to exclude diversity. If on the other hand students were exposed to a range of Islamic perspectives, they would have an early opportunity to expand their critical-thinking skills. The school of Islamic thought that is predominant in Saudi Arabia is based on Hanbali, which is named after Ahmed bin Hanbal who was a Muslim scholar and a great Imam of Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). Hanbal helped to provide one of the main interpretations of the main texts, the Holy Quran and Sunna. Quite apart from the authority of Hanbal’s scholarship, the salient issue is the gap between theory and practice. The general books, media, and focus of society from the early 1980s to less than a decade ago promoted only the Hanbali interpretation of Islam and this contributed to the exclusion of a diversity of perspectives. This narrow approach does not represent the essence of the Islamic faith, especially given the extensive evidence of diversity in the Quranic texts and in the Prophet’s (Peace Be Upon Him) narrations. This narrowness is not only true in Islamic societies but also in the West when on the one hand the law supports multiculturalism while on the other hand many right-wing voices call for exclusion of diversity.
Despite the continuing dominance of rote memorization and passive learning in the Saudi education system, there are also many reasons for optimism. There is great enthusiasm surrounding the emphasis of King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz on education as a tool of empowerment. This emphasis is exemplified by a drive to achieve a position of scientific leadership in the Arab world, by participation in international scientific competitions, and by the establishment of the King Abdulaziz and His Companions Foundation for the Gifted (Mawhiba), which is a new centre to promote talent and innovation. A reformed curriculum is in the process of being implemented in schools and many innovative measures are being considered and implemented both by the Ministry of Education (which oversees K-12) and by the Ministry of Higher Education or MoHE (which oversees all colleges, universities, and other post-secondary institutions). One of these innovative measures is the promotion of online learning, which is opening up teachers and students to look beyond the strictures of the banking system of education.
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In my experience, as both a student and a teacher in the Saudi education system, critical thinking is not emphasized. By critical thinking, I refer to two elements. The first element is gaining a deeper understanding of issues and problems and the second element is examining and evaluating arguments from multiple points of view (McPeck, 1981).มุมมองของฉันคือนักเรียนจะเรียนรู้จากวัยหนุ่มสาวมาก ความรู้เรื่อง " ความจริง " จะคงที่ ที่อ้างว่า ความจริงมีทั้งสีดำหรือสีขาว และสิ่งที่สอนในโรงเรียน หรือมหาวิทยาลัย จึงไม่ต้องสงสัย . ในขณะที่รากของปรากฏการณ์นี้ตกอยู่นอกขอบเขตของกระดาษนี้ it should be acknowledged that the Saudi approach of focusing Islamic school curricula on only one school of Islamic thought may train students to think rigidly and to exclude diversity. If on the other hand students were exposed to a range of Islamic perspectives, they would have an early opportunity to expand their critical-thinking skills. The school of Islamic thought that is predominant in Saudi Arabia is based on Hanbali, which is named after Ahmed bin Hanbal who was a Muslim scholar and a great Imam of Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). Hanbal helped to provide one of the main interpretations of the main texts, the Holy Quran and Sunna. Quite apart from the authority of Hanbal’s scholarship,ปัญหาที่สำคัญคือ ช่องว่างระหว่างทฤษฎีและการปฏิบัติ ทั่วไป หนังสือ สื่อ และโฟกัสของสังคมจากต้นทศวรรษ 1980 น้อยกว่าทศวรรษที่ผ่านมาการส่งเสริมเพียง hanbali ตีความศาสนาอิสลามและสนับสนุนการยกเว้นจากความหลากหลายของมุมมอง วิธีการแคบนี้ไม่ได้เป็นตัวแทนของสาระสําคัญของความเชื่ออิสลามโดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งได้รับหลักฐานมากมายของความหลากหลายในกุรอาน และในข้อความของศาสดา ( สันติเถิด ) บรรยาย . ความคับแคบนี้ไม่เพียงแต่เป็นจริงในสังคมอิสลาม แต่ยังในตะวันตกตอนบนมือกฎหมายรองรับหลากหลายวัฒนธรรมในขณะที่ในมืออื่น ๆเสียงอนุรักษ์นิยมมากโทรบ้าง
ความหลากหลายDespite the continuing dominance of rote memorization and passive learning in the Saudi education system, there are also many reasons for optimism. There is great enthusiasm surrounding the emphasis of King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz on education as a tool of empowerment. This emphasis is exemplified by a drive to achieve a position of scientific leadership in the Arab world, by participation in international scientific competitions, and by the establishment of the King Abdulaziz and His Companions Foundation for the Gifted (Mawhiba), which is a new centre to promote talent and innovation.ปฏิรูปหลักสูตร อยู่ในขั้นตอนของการใช้ในโรงเรียน และมาตรการใหม่หลายได้รับการพิจารณาและดำเนินการทั้งโดยกระทรวงศึกษาธิการ ( ซึ่งดูแลภาคบังคับ ) และกระทรวงอุดมศึกษา หรือโมเฮ ( ซึ่งเป็นผู้ดูแลทั้งหมด วิทยาลัย มหาวิทยาลัย และสถาบันการศึกษาหลังมัธยมศึกษาอื่นๆ ) หนึ่งในมาตรการเหล่านี้คือนวัตกรรมที่ส่งเสริมการเรียนรู้ออนไลน์ which is opening up teachers and students to look beyond the strictures of the banking system of education.
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