3.3 XPS
The XPS spectra of CTS nanostructured flowers (Fig. 4)
revealed the presence of copper, tin and sulfur peaks. The
Cu 2p core level spectrum indicates the observed binding
energy (BE) for Cu 2p3=2 (932.4 eV) and 2p1=2 (952.4 eV),
corresponding to the reported value for Cuþ. The Cu 2p3=2
satellite peak at 942.8 eV identified as Cu2þ was also
detected. Obviously, there were both Cu2þ and Cuþ ions inthe as-synthesized CTS product. The photoelectron spectrum
of Sn 3d core levels at 486.6 eV of Sn 3d5=2 and 495.1 eV
of Sn 3d3=2 belongs to Sn4þ.