The ¯our was purchased from a local milling factory
(Nantes, France) as ¯our milled from pure wheat cultivar.
Samples of ¯our were analysed according to standard
methods (Table 1). The dough was prepared from 3
kg of ¯our, 1.65 kg water, 66 g salt and 75 g compressed
yeast. Dough ingredients were previously stored at 4°C.
Mixing was done in a 3 kg VMI (Montaigu, France)
dough mixer for 4 min at 40 rpm and 10 min at 80 rpm.
In order to enhance the distribution of yeast in the
dough compressed yeast (Gist Brocades, France) was
previously diluted in the water and was incorporated at
the beginning of mixing. As recommended, salt was
added after 9 min of mixing (Brummer, 1995). Dough
temperature was about 15°C at the end of mixing.
Portions of dough (200 g) were cylindrically shaped (5
cm diameter). 22 samples were obtained from each batch: 8 sticks were used for evaluating the reference
value (non-frozen dough) and 14 unwrapped sticks were
frozen