- Carbon emission comes from the anthropogenic use of fossil energy and other fossil-derived materials. Once fixed and accumulated two billion years ago (Tissot and Welte, 1984),fossil matter underneath the earth's surface is mined today to facilitate human activities. It then remains in the atmosphere as incremental CO2, resulting in disastrous global warming.
- Carbon reduction is the amount of carbon involved with any recovery, recycling, and reuse of waste. It is considered a carbon reduction because it helps conserve the use of natural raw materials and fossil energy (Pimentel et al., 2010).