The TEM images show similar observations to that of 0.62 dpa. Due to the high energy used in this study, energetic Xe ions will be able to knock atoms out of their equilibrium positions and form a large number of point defects within high-energy displacement cascades. With the formation of loops observed even at a low dose of 0.62 dpa, it is possible that compact cascades are formed with heavier Xe26+ ions, without the formation of sub-cascades. According to Gilbert et al., this may give rise to a sufficiently high vacancy loop population directly from the collapse of single cascades [19].