Scanning electron microscopy involves simpler specimen preparations than TEM. Both Oso4 and Ruo4 staining techniques work with SEM and can be applied to both bulk specimens and films. Atomic force microscopy is an extension of scanning tunneling microscope(STM) and has the potential for atomic resolution. In its simplest form, the AFM(Stroup et al., 1993; Stocker et al., 1992; Tsao et al., 1992; Hamada and Kaneko, 1992) acts as a "miniature surface profilometer" and provides topographical images. The potential advantages of these techniques include higher resolution, simplicity