Challenges in developing and implementing APN roles
The complexity within the international field of advanced
practice nursing is evident from global discussion on the many
titles, concepts and generic features of APN roles
(Bryant-Lukosius et al. 2004, Lloyd-Jones 2005, Mantzoukas
&Watkinson 2007). Consistent with the many changes within
healthcare delivery, advanced practice nursing roles have been
influenced by government and societal factors and changing
demographics, rising consumer demands and healthcare
workforce shortages (Gardner et al. 2007, Por 2008,
Holloway et al. 2010). The nursing profession has evolved
to meet these demands with the introduction of new and