การวิเคราะห์และผลลัพธ์The scales used to measure the latent constructs (human capital and innovation) showed acceptable psychometric properties (Appendix B). The reliability of the scales was assessed using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and the calculation of the composite reliability and the variance extracted. The Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability values are higher than 0.9. The average variance extracted is also higher than 0.7. The convergent validity of the scales was confirmed, as the parameters relating the items to the predicted factor are statistically significant and greater than 0.5. Discriminant validity was assessed by ensuring that the variance extracted of each construct was greater than the squared correlation between two constructs (Fornell and Larcker, 1981). The procedure was simplified by calculating the square root of the variance extracted of each construct (Table 1). It can be seen that all constructs show discriminant validity. To test the relations between HRM practices, human capital and innovation, multiple linear regression analyses were performed. This study uses variance inflation factors (VIFs) to examine the effect of multicollinearity. The values of the VIF associated with the predictors show a range from 1.10 to 2.86, which fall within acceptable limits (Hair et al., 1999). Table 2 shows the results of the regression analysis related to the effect of HRM practices on human capital. Model 1 includes only the control variables. Model 2 also includes the effect of HRM practices on human capital. Model 2 is significant at thep<0.001 level (adjusted R2 ¼0.45) and explains an additional 43% of variance compared to the model that considers only the control variables. The results show no relation between recruitment/selection practices and human capital and therefore there is no empirical support for hypothesis 1. Similarly, it is shown that firms can develop human capital by applying training/development and IT practices. The results therefore support hypotheses 2 and 3. Table 3 shows the results of the regression analysis of the effects of HRM practices and human capital on innovation. Model 3 includes only the control variables. Model 4 includes the direct effects of HRM practices on innovation. Model 5 shows the effect of human capital on innovation. The results indicate a positive and significant relation of human capital to innovation. Hypothesis 4 is therefore accepted. Lastly, model 6 includes the effect of all the variables considered on innovation. This paper follows Baron and Kenny’s (1986) procedure for analysing the mediating effect of human capital in the relation between HRM practices and innovation. The first step is to analyse the relation between HRM practices and innovation. As model 4 in Table 3 shows, the three HRM practices analysed are significantly related to innovation. The second step consists of examining the effect of HRM practices on the mediating variable. The results of model 2 in Table 2 indicate that training/development and IT practices are positively and significantly related to human capital, but recruitment/selection practices are not. The third step involves analysing the relation between the mediating variable and the dependent variable. Model 5 in Table 3 shows a positive and significant relation of human capital to innovation. The fourth step is to include the mediator variable, human capital, in the models, to examine whether it reduces the effects of HRM practices to non-significance. As model 6 shows, the coefficients are positive and significant for the relation between human capital and innovation. Moreover, including the moderating variable in the model makes the relation between training/development and IT practices and innovation nonsignificant. Human capital therefore plays a mediating role between HRM training/development and IT practices and innovation. However, human capital does not mediate the relation between recruitment/selection practices and innovation. Recruitment/selection practices have a direct, positive and significant relation to innovation.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
