After the activities have been written, the curriculum developers write possible learning outcomes: “Students will be able to identify four major environmental issues,” “Students will be able to argue and give evidence for both the pro and con side of each issues, “Students will take a personal stance on each issue." In planning activities, developers consider multimodes of learning via reading,writing,listening, and constructing and then integrate many fields of knowledge around a central theme. In Figure 19.4, notice how the theme of environmental issues integrates activities in sociology, mathematics, economics, history, journalism, physics, and biology.