Likewise, timely and proper management provided to older adults with dysphagia may improve functional status, given that the association of functional status decline with increased mortality is due to dysphagia-associated pneumonia. While increasing the amount of food is a common first treatment when there is a nutritional problem, a substantial body of evidence indicates that nutritional problems may be one of the major complications of dysphagia. Hence, if there is a nutritional problem, it is important to determine whether dysphagia is present and consider proper managements such as tube feeding to help decrease the complications of dysphagia and maintain an adequate nutritional status. Nurses can maximize the range of feeding choices based on the preference and decision of older adults and/or their family members.