Bacharach and Lawler study is concernet with identifying the conditions in which work groups and interrest groups in oganiziations combine together and from which coalitions emerge. Such groups may be informal and adhoc or may be more formolized allowing for example for the possibility of acknowledging trade union influence on policy development at both state andinstitutional levels.The nature of such coalition will inevitably be bound by context. Workplace trade union oganiziation for instance may be accepted and relatively commonplace in some contexts it may be virtually absent in others. All of these differences will influence the extent to which policy may be re-shaped at an institutional level in differing contexts. Bacharach and Lawler 1980 highlight the dynamic and shifting nature of coalition buiding. Colitions emerge develop and potentially fade in response to shifts in the local context. Principallycoalitions are formed to generate influcence either in pursuit of or opposition to change. Change is the impulse that drives thisdynamic. Change by definition undermines the status quo. Existing practices are often questionned traditionalassumptions can be threaatened and values those who benefit from proposed policychanges and those who play.It is therefore a process thatrequires action and will generatereaction. The tensions and conflicts that flow from these responses therefore need to be seen as inevitable and not irrational as Ball 1987 argues
It is not surprising that innovation process in schools frequently take the form of political conflict between advocacy and opposition groups. Either in public debate or through behind the scenes manoeuvres and lobbying factional goups will seek to advance or defend their interests being for or against the chang. Negotiations and compromises may produce amendmented trade- offs arranged bargains arrived at.