The MLQ was first originally published in 1985 by Dr. Bernard Bass with 63 items
included in the questionnaire. Subsequently, Dr. Bruce Avolio with Dr. Bass made several
changes and modifications throughout the years. The MLQ is now a 45-item factor
questionnaire identifying leadership attributes pertinent to transformational leadership,
transactional leadership, and passive/avoidant leadership. For this study, the transformational
leadership factorial was taken into consideration. Twenty of the forty-five questions were
designed to measure transformational leadership.