3.1. Leading
This entails providing leadership at the three main
levels of project leadership, technical leadership, team
leadership and will involve the following skills.
Fig. 1. Generic knowledge areas of project management (adapted from PMBOK).
F.T. Edum-Fotwe, R. McCaer / International Journal of Project Management 18 (2000) 111±124 113
. Establishing direction by developing a vision of the
future and strategies for producing the changes
needed to achieve that vision.
. Aligning people through communication of the
vision by words and deeds to all whose co-operation
may be needed to achieve the vision.
. Motivating and inspiring subordinates by helping
people energise themselves to overcome political, bu-
reaucratic, and resource barriers to change.