Little is known about the bioavailability of heavy metal contamination and its health risks after rice
ingestion. This study aimed to determine bioavailability of heavy metal (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Al, Fe, Zn
and Pb) concentrations in cooked rice and human Health Risk Assessment (HRA). The results found Zn
was the highest (4.3 ± 0.1 mg/kg), whereas As showed the lowest (0.015 ± 0.001 mg/kg) bioavailability
of heavy metal concentration in 22 varieties of cooked rice. For single heavy metal exposure, no potential
of non carcinogenic health risks was found, while carcinogenic health risks were found only for As.
Combined heavy metal exposures found that total Hazard Quotient (HQtotal) values for adult were higher
than the acceptable range (HQTotal < 1), whereas total Lifetime Cancer Risk (LCRTotal) values were higher
than the acceptable range (LCRTotal values >1 104) for both adult and children. This study is done to
understand that the inclusion of bioavailability heavy metal into HRA produces a more realistic estimation
of human heavy metal exposure.
Little is known about the bioavailability of heavy metal contamination and its health risks after riceingestion. This study aimed to determine bioavailability of heavy metal (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Co, Al, Fe, Znand Pb) concentrations in cooked rice and human Health Risk Assessment (HRA). The results found Znwas the highest (4.3 ± 0.1 mg/kg), whereas As showed the lowest (0.015 ± 0.001 mg/kg) bioavailabilityof heavy metal concentration in 22 varieties of cooked rice. For single heavy metal exposure, no potentialof non carcinogenic health risks was found, while carcinogenic health risks were found only for As.Combined heavy metal exposures found that total Hazard Quotient (HQtotal) values for adult were higherthan the acceptable range (HQTotal < 1), whereas total Lifetime Cancer Risk (LCRTotal) values were higherthan the acceptable range (LCRTotal values >1 104) for both adult and children. This study is done tounderstand that the inclusion of bioavailability heavy metal into HRA produces a more realistic estimationof human heavy metal exposure.
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