2.4. Textural analysis
Hardness of 10 cookies was measured by cutting on a TA XT2 TA. HDplus Texture Analyzer (Stable Micro Systems, England, UK) with a reversible blade, using its knife edge. The analyzer was set to measure force in compression. Each cookie was precisely centred on the platform and the blade was lowered to deform and break (snap) the cookie at a travel distance of 15 mm and test-speed 2.0 mm/s. The trigger force was set at 25 g. The peak force was measured and represented the index of cookie hardness.