Combustion of fossil fuel and pollution from nickel industries are the primary sources of environmental nickel exposure. More specifically, sources of nickel emissions into the air include coal and oil burning for power and heat, waste and sewage sludge incineration,mining and steel production industries, and electroplating (WHO, 1991). In 1990, it was estimated that
about 180,000 metric tons of nickel per year were generated worldwide from fossil fuel burning emissions
and industrial processes (IARC, 1990), in addition