Long Term/Short Term Orientation
The final dimension was not included in Hofstede’s original work, but he added it later when it became clear to him that cultures varied how long term their orientations are. Long term/short term orientation refers to the extent to which members of a cul- ture think about long term (history and future) versus short term (present). Long-term planning, thrift, and industriousness and respect for elders and ancestors are valued in cultures with a long term orientation (most Asian countries). In contrast, living for the moment, not saving for a rainy day, and not having as much respect for elders and ancestors are more likely to be found in cultures with a short term orientation (Australia, Germany). The Long Term end of the continuum is associated with what are sometimes called Confucian values, although cultures not historically connected with this influence can also have a Long Term orientation. This value is not just about future—it is also about respect for one’s ancestors and plans and hopes for those who follow.