achieved at the lower heating rate of 7 C min 1. This may be related to rapid heating which leads to a fast depolymeriza- tion of the solid material to primary volatiles while dehydra- tion to more stable anhydrocellulose is limited and very slow at the lower heating rate [46]. The oil yield was 23.07% at a pyrolysis temperature of 400 C and the maximum oil yield was 25.12% at a final pyrolysis temperature of 500 C. Increasing the pyrolysis temperature to 550 C, the oil yield goes down to 23.75%. Furthermore, the oil yields at the heating rate of 40 C min 1 were about 19.33% higher than that of 7 C min 1, particularly at the pyrolysis temperature of 500 C. The gas product yield increased with pyrolysis temperature. The gas yield obtained was found to be minimum 35.04% at 400 C and maximum 37.96% at 550 C for the heating rate of 40 C min 1. The aqueous phase yields were obtained as z14e15% at all pyrolysis temperatures and heating rates.