Apodaca and Longabaugh (Apodaca 2009) did a literature search to identify
potential within-session mechanisms of change in MI. The most
consistent evidence was found for three constructs: client change
talk/intention (related to better outcomes); client experience of
discrepancy (related to better outcomes); and therapist MI-inconsistent
behavior (related to worse outcomes).had no limitation on length of study.We excluded studies that recruited
participants in emergency rooms and provided one session of MI during the stay in the emergency room.