Analyzing the data
Analyzing data is the most important part of building theory from case studies. It is also the difficult and least codified part of the process. Most often published studies do not give importance to discussion and analysis and establish how the final conclusions were arrived from the data collected. One important step in this phase is conducting within case analysis.
With-in case analysis: Within case analysis can help researchers to cope with huge volume of data. This typically involves preparing detailed case study write ups for each chosen case. They are detailed descriptions of the site but helps in generating insight and to become intimately familiar with each case as a stand-alone entity. This process allows unique patterns of each case to emerge before generalizing patterns across cases.
Cross-case analysis : Generally people are poor processors of information while analyzing data. Often researchers leap to conclusions based on limited data , they are overly influenced by the vividness or by more elite respondents, they ignore basic statistical properties, or they sometimes inadvertently drop disconfirming evidence. They may reach premature or even false conclusions as a result of information processing biases. The key to good cross-case comparison is counteracting these tendencies by looking at the data in many divergent ways. One tactic is to select categories or dimensions, and then to look for within-group similarities coupled with intergroup differences. Another tactic is to select pairs of cases and then to list the similarities and differences between each pair. This tactic forces researchers to look for the subtle similarities and differences between cases. A third tactic is to divide the data by data source. For example, one researcher looks at observational data, another reviews interviews, and still another works with questionnaire evidence. A variation of this tactic is to split the data into groups of cases, focusing on one group of cases initially, while later focusing on the remaining cases. The idea behind these cross-case searching tactics is to force investigators to go beyond initial impressions, especially through he use of structured and diverse lenses on the data. These tactics help in improving the likelihood of accurate and reliable theory, that is, a theory with a close fit with the data. Also, cross-case searching tactics enhance the probability that the researchers will capture the novel findings which may exist in the data.
Analyzing the data
Analyzing data is the most important part of building theory from case studies. It is also the difficult and least codified part of the process. Most often published studies do not give importance to discussion and analysis and establish how the final conclusions were arrived from the data collected. One important step in this phase is conducting within case analysis.
With-in case analysis: Within case analysis can help researchers to cope with huge volume of data. This typically involves preparing detailed case study write ups for each chosen case. They are detailed descriptions of the site but helps in generating insight and to become intimately familiar with each case as a stand-alone entity. This process allows unique patterns of each case to emerge before generalizing patterns across cases.
Cross-case analysis : Generally people are poor processors of information while analyzing data. Often researchers leap to conclusions based on limited data , they are overly influenced by the vividness or by more elite respondents, they ignore basic statistical properties, or they sometimes inadvertently drop disconfirming evidence. They may reach premature or even false conclusions as a result of information processing biases. The key to good cross-case comparison is counteracting these tendencies by looking at the data in many divergent ways. One tactic is to select categories or dimensions, and then to look for within-group similarities coupled with intergroup differences. Another tactic is to select pairs of cases and then to list the similarities and differences between each pair. This tactic forces researchers to look for the subtle similarities and differences between cases. A third tactic is to divide the data by data source. For example, one researcher looks at observational data, another reviews interviews, and still another works with questionnaire evidence. A variation of this tactic is to split the data into groups of cases, focusing on one group of cases initially, while later focusing on the remaining cases. The idea behind these cross-case searching tactics is to force investigators to go beyond initial impressions, especially through he use of structured and diverse lenses on the data. These tactics help in improving the likelihood of accurate and reliable theory, that is, a theory with a close fit with the data. Also, cross-case searching tactics enhance the probability that the researchers will capture the novel findings which may exist in the data.
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