observation record form. Most of them were interviewed
at home, and a few at the researcher’s office. The
interviews were recorded using digital audiotape after
obtaining participant’s permission. The first interview
was 45-60 minutes in duration. After finishing
interview, the tape record was transcribed verbatim
in Thai and then translated to English. The researcher
developed the probing questions for the second
interview.
On the second interview, the participants were
asked to clarify and validate some points of the previous
interview data. The interview was taken place at the
participant’s preference place or by phone and took
about for 20-30 minutes. Data were transcribed and
added to the first transcription. Data collection and
data analysis occurred simultaneously during May
2013 to May 2014. Interviews continued until data
saturation was achieved.
Data Analysis
Data analysis was conducted after data
collection of the first participant. Three steps of
coding procedure conceptualized the data into codes,
concepts, and categories. Constant comparative
analysis was used during coding procedures in order
to formulate the core categories and conceptual
model. In this initial procedure, the first five
interviews of the participants were coded and named,
and their concepts were developed. The researcher
also compared the previous data with those of the
other participants. After that, all the conceptual codes
were grouped into concepts and categories. In axial
coding, categories are related to their subcategories
using the paradigm model that consisted of
phenomena; condition, action/interaction strategy,
and consequences.29 The categories began to build
up a dense texture of relationships around the axis to
form more precise and complete explanations about
the phenomena. In selective coding, the researcher
discriminated sampling of adolescent mothers
returning to school with additional data to verify the
core categories emerged as “achieving balance”, and
baby, and 6) subject to an unintended pregnancy.
Mothers who had any severe physical history, such as
diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or heart disease, mental
problems, and history of substance abuse, were not
included in order to control the effect of potential
complication that might influence the role adaptation
process.
Setting
The recruitment of participants was conducted
at the well-baby clinics of three hospitals in Songkhla
Province.
Ethical considerations
The research proposal, data collection instruments,
and informed consent form were approved by the
Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing,
Prince of Songkla University. The data collection
started when the approval from the hospitals and nursing
authorities were obtained. The participants were
informed of the voluntary nature of their participation
and what was expected of them in this study. They
were assured that their personal data would be kept
confidential and their anonymity strictly protected.
They had the right to withdraw from the study at any
time for any reason without penalty.
Data collection
Data were collected in three ways: a demographic
data form, a semi-structured interview, and an