The TA-XT2i Texture Analyzer (Stable Micro Systems
Ltd., Godalming, Surrey, UK) fitted with a 25 kg load cell
was used. Four spaghetti samples were placed adjacent to
one another centrally under the compression platen of
pasta firmness/stickiness rig. The test and post test speed
were 1 mm/s. The test is a simulation of the action of jaw
by compressing the bite size of food two times. The resulting
force–time curve is used to extract number of textural
parameters. These are primary parameters (hardness, cohesiveness,
springness and adhesiveness) and secondary
parameters (brittleness, chewiness, gumminess and resilience).
The TPA test was performed in duplicate.