1. Full composite action between both layers can not be
attained based on rough surfaces without shear studs.
It was observed that a minimum number of five studs
is needed to provide full composite action between
both layers.
2. Beams having shear studs with hooks (Group B2)
exhibited better pre-cracking stiffness as well as
cracking strength than those with L-shaped studs
(Group B1).
3. Beam specimens with square mesh (Group A1) exhibited
better cracking capacity than the control beam as
well as beams with hexagonal mesh (Group A2).
However, the change in the ultimate capacity was
not significant.
4. The FEM predicted the ultimate moment capacity for
composite beams given that adequate number of
shear connectors is provided to ensure full bond until
failure. However, the model needs to address partial
bond between layers resulting from inadequate shear
transfer.
5. Using the procedure adopted in casting these composite
beams, it is feasible to produce this type of
pre-cast elements for field applications.