transportation distances and the general conditions of the equipment
and plant facilities. Construction materials contribute about 75% of the
total CO2 emission of a construction process [10]. Turner and Collins
[11] present a study including energy expending activities associated
with mining and transport of raw materials, manufacturing and concrete
construction for both geopolymer and ordinary Portland cement.
García-Segura et al. [7] evaluated CO2 emissions and CO2 capture for a
reinforced concrete structure during its service life and after demolition
and reuse as gravel fillingmaterial. However,when attempting to calculate
the CO2 emission consideration about construction methods or processes
are usually not incorporated in those calculations. The transport
of batched concrete as well as on-site placement activities such as
pumping, vibrating and finishing concrete consumes diesel fuel. Nevertheless,
these construction activities were all found to contribute very
small amounts of CO2 to total concrete emissions [10].