Due to increasing ethical problems in recent years, many business
organizations have established ethics programs to help improve
ethical behavior and/or to help prevent ethical problems among their
employees (e.g., Chonko et al., 2003; Somers, 2001; Valentine and
Fleischman, 2008). According to Brenner (1992), there are two
categories of ethics programs in organizations — either explicitly
created or implicitly inherited. Based on his research, the explicit
components include codes of ethics, policy manuals, ethics seminars,
internal control systems, and ethics staff. The implicit components
include corporate culture, incentive systems, valued behaviors,
promotion policies, and management behavior